Полное понимание информации в тексте: выбор одного правильного ответа из четырёх предложенных · 53 задания
- Задание №12№12Среднее
The purpose of the first paragraph is to... 1) provide an example of negative life perception. 2) make you reflect on your attitude to life. 3) emphas…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №12№12Среднее
Why is taking a gap year going out of fashion, according to Beth Adams? 1) It is boring. 2) It is quite expensive. 3) It is too long. 4) It is pointle…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №12№12Лёгкое
Why do many students need part-time jobs? 1) To pay student loans. 2) To be independent of parents. 3) To buy expensive stuff. 4) To cover their livin…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №12№12Сложное
How is New Year in Russia different from other places, according to the text? 1) It is a bigger holiday than Christmas. 2) It is celebrated with close…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №12№12Среднее
The author believes that going to a foreign country without knowing its language is … 1) hard. 2) useful. 3) stupid. 4) common.
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №12№12Среднее
The author thinks that choosing a college should depend on … 1) food served there. 2) workout facilities. 3) classes and food. 4) healthy campus habit…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №12№12Лёгкое
The author decided to spend a holiday in the Highlands to … 1) ride an exclusive train. 2) spend some time on his own. 3) get away from the busy capit…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №12№12Лёгкое
According to paragraph 1, video games are seen by adults as a(n) … 1) integral part of life. 2) shameful delight. 3) individual activity. 4) part of c…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №12№12Среднее
What question does the author pose in the first paragraph? 1) What will education be like in the future? 2) Is high-tech really very useful in educati…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №12№12Среднее
T he author introduces the farm where Jesus Martin grew up as … 1) a quite typical one. 2) a rather special one. 3) an extremely small one. 4) a very…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №12№12Лёгкое
According to the text (paragraph 1), the effects of caffeine … 1) have not been studied well enough. 2) can be of opposite character. 3) are very dang…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №12№12Лёгкое
The author’s childhood dream was to … 1) enter a college. 2) change her life. 3) leave the state she grew up in. 4) visit a college campus.
Чтение: полное понимание
According to the text, mental health can be improved if people...
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Being too positive
Having a positive outlook on life is good for your mental well-being. The problem is that life isn’t always positive. We all have painful emotions and experiences. Those emotions, while often unpleasant, need to be felt and dealt with openly and honestly to achieve acceptance and greater psychological health.
Toxic positivity is the belief that no matter how dire or difficult a situation is, people should maintain a positive mindset. While there are benefits to being optimistic and engaging in positive thinking, toxic positivity rejects all difficult emotions in favour of a cheerful and often falsely-positive façade. It takes positive thinking to an extreme. In other words, it makes it too general. This attitude does not just stress the importance of optimism – it also minimizes and even denies any trace of human emotions not strictly happy or positive.
Toxic positivity means having a “good vibes only” approach to life and discarding any seemingly negative emotions. It denies people the authentic support they need to cope with what they are facing.
Toxic positivity can take a wide variety of forms. Some examples you may have encountered in your own life include the following. When something bad happens, such as losing your job, people may say to “just stay positive” or “look on the bright side.” While such comments are often meant to be sympathetic, they can shut down anything the other person might want to say about what they are experiencing. After some type of loss, people might say, “everything happens for a reason.” While people will make such statements because they believe they are comforting, this is also a way of avoiding the other person’s pain. Upon expressing sad feelings, someone may respond that “happiness is a choice.” This suggests that if someone is feeling negative emotions, it’s their own fault for not “choosing” to be happy.
Such statements are often well-intentioned, or people just don’t know what else to say and don't know how to be empathetic. Still, it is important to recognize that such behaviour can be harmful.
Too much positivity is toxic because it can harm people who are going through difficult times. Rather than being able to share genuine human emotions and gain support, people who are faced with toxic positivity find their feelings dismissed, ignored, or outright invalidated.
It’s also shaming. Receiving too-positive responses can lead to feelings of shame. It tells people that the emotions they are feeling are unacceptable. When someone is suffering, they need to know that their emotions are valid and that they can find relief and love in their friends and family.
Shame goes hand in hand with guilt. Being toxically positive can also cause feelings of guilt. It sends a message that if you aren’t finding a way to feel positive – even in the face of tragedy – you are doing something wrong.
Moreover, it avoids authentic human emotion. When people engage in this type of behaviour, it allows them to sidestep emotional situations that make them feel uncomfortable. Sometimes we turn these same ideas on ourselves, internalizing them. When we feel difficult emotions, we then discount, dismiss, and deny them.
It prevents growth. Toxic positivity allows us to avoid feeling things that might be painful. But this denies us the ability to face challenging feelings that can ultimately lead to growth and deeper insight.
I believe it is possible to be optimistic in the face of difficult experiences and challenges. But people going through trauma don’t need to be told to stay positive or feel that they are being judged for not maintaining a sunny outlook.
Правильный ответ
4
Пояснение
Разбор.
Для ответа на вопрос о том, что способствует улучшению психического здоровья, необходимо обратиться к первому абзацу текста. Автор рассуждает о том, как человек должен обходиться со своими переживаниями.
В третьем предложении первого абзаца прямо указывается необходимое условие: «Those emotions, while often unpleasant, need to be felt and dealt with openly and honestly to achieve acceptance and greater psychological health» (Эти эмоции, хотя они часто неприятны, должны быть прочувствованы, и с ними нужно разбираться открыто и честно, чтобы достичь принятия и лучшего психологического здоровья). Таким образом, ключом к здоровью является признание и проработка (принятие) неприятных чувств, что соответствует варианту номер 4.
Остальные варианты не подходят по следующим причинам:
- Вариант 1 (избегать болезненных эмоций) противоречит тексту, так как автор называет такое поведение токсичным: «Toxic positivity allows us to avoid feeling things that might be painful», что мешает развитию.
- Вариант 3 (скрывать сложные эмоции) также отвергается автором, который критикует «falsely-positive façade» (ложно-позитивный фасад) и призывает разбираться с чувствами «openly and honestly» (открыто и честно).
- Вариант 2 (верить в хорошее) описывает общую концепцию оптимизма, но в контексте данного вопроса текст подчеркивает, что одной веры в хорошее недостаточно, если она приводит к отрицанию реальности: «it also minimizes and even denies any trace of human emotions not strictly happy or positive».
Ответ: 4
Источник: ФИПИ