Полное понимание информации в тексте: выбор одного правильного ответа из четырёх предложенных · 53 задания
- Задание №16№16Лёгкое
It is implied in the text that when things go wrong optimists... 1) avoid finding fault with themselves. 2) focus on short-term solutions. 3) analyze…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №16№16Среднее
What is the danger of taking a gap year, according to the text? 1) Risk of losing important skills. 2) Having a career in the field you dislike. 3) Mi…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №16№16Среднее
Which statement summarising the advice given in the text is FALSE? 1) Avoid jobs that take up most of your time. 2) Inform your boss of your timetable…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №16№16Сложное
The author thinks that New Year decorations in Russia are … 1) suitable. 2) strange. 3) stylish. 4) cheap.
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №16№16Сложное
“It” in “… Russians make up for it by hosting …” (paragraph 7) refers to the … 1) variety of student clubs. 2) social networking. 3) student activitie…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №16№16Лёгкое
The phrase take heed in “Therefore, take heed, colleges and universities” (Paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to … 1) pay attention. 2) stay back. 3)…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №16№16Лёгкое
Hikers behaved strangely because they were … 1) attacked by insects. 2) performing a ritual. 3) impressed by the Highlands. 4) having an argument.
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №16№16Среднее
Which statement about skills acquired while playing video games is FALSE, according to the text? 1) They can be used in other situations. 2) They impr…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №16№16Лёгкое
The word “ relish ” in paragraph 8 “… younger pupils relish the chance …” means... 1) enjoy. 2) ignore. 3) envy. 4) inspire.
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №16№16Среднее
How did Martin’s family react to the idea of his project? 1) They fully supported it. 2) They didn’t believe in its success. 3) They thought it would…
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №16№16Лёгкое
The pronoun “its” in “… its liquid properties ” (paragraph 6) refers to … 1) caffeine. 2) carbon dioxide. 3) coffee. 4) coffee bean.
Чтение: полное понимание
- Задание №16№16Сложное
It is implied that the new auditorium supports an education program in … 1) programming. 2) architecture. 3) arts. 4) technology.
Чтение: полное понимание
It is implied in the text that one of the ways to avoid buying is to…
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Stop buying stuff
Did you know that spending 1,000 rubles a day adds up to spending more than 365,000 a year? And I don’t know about you, but hardly anything costs under 1,000 where we live. So thoughtless spending can add up very quickly. As I try to live more simply, I have been trying to mend what we have and make what we need. I recently madelinen napkins with some fabric we had. This way of living has required me to slow down and question whether what I want to buy is truly essential. If you also want to live more simply and stop buying stuff you don’t need, here are some tips that I’ve found useful.
First, you need to identify your motivation. Take a few minutes to think about why you want to buy less stuff. Your goal is to buy less, but why are you chasing that goal. Some reasons might be to save money, to reduce clutter, to live more sustainably, to get out of debt, or to live a more handmade and simple life. Once you have your motivation identified, you can refer back to it when you are tempted to buy something frivolous.
Next, it’s very useful to record your expenses. Don’t worry about setting up a fancy budget right now. Just write down everything you buy and how much you spend for one week. This is to make you more conscious of your spending habits and help you to stop buying stuff you don’t need. Also for one week, write down what prompted you to buy something. For example, imagine you bought a new
T-shirt. Write it down and think about what made you want to buy it. Did you see someone you follow on social media wearing it? Did you buy it late at night after a date went badly? The goal is to make your invisible purchasing habits more visible. As you write down what prompted you to buy something, think about whether the spending was emotional or not. Did you get a rush when you pushed ‘buy now’? That’s probably an emotional purchase. Try to identify which emotion you’re avoiding. Do you feel self-conscious? Or depressed? Once we can name what we’re trying to avoid, then we can take steps to meaningfully address it.
Have you heard about the One-Year Test? Look around your space. Do you see anything you haven’t used in a year? Strongly consider selling or donating it. Once you have an understanding of how much you spend and what your spending triggers are, it’s time to clean the slate. Unsubscribe from brands on social media and from email newsletters from companies or influencers. You want to set yourself up for success and protect yourself from being bombarded with emails promising ‘irresistible’ sales. Once you know when you are triggered to buy things, you can pre-empt the urge by filling the time with something else. For example, if you browse and buy late at night on your phone, you can do yoga or meditate or read a good book before bed. You don’t need to do this forever – just try to do it once to begin with, and see how you feel.
Another very good tip can be summed up as ‘cost versus work.’ Before you buy something, calculate how much you will need to work to cover the cost. If you get paid 300 rubles/hour and something costs 2,500, that’s more than 8 hours of work. Is it worth it to you?
Before buying something, wait 24 hours. This is a good way to weed out impulse buying. Instead of buying things every day, choose one day a week. Bookmark everything you want to buy and on the buying day, review all of your bookmarks. This is a good way to remove emotional or impulse buying, too.
So, buying stuff you don’t need is a major problem for a lot of people. The material possessions that you’ve desired and eventually purchased will lose their sparkle, and you’ll return to your happiness set point. Things can’t make you happy, but people can.
Правильный ответ
3
Пояснение
Разбор.
Верный ответ находится в четвёртом абзаце текста, где автор даёт рекомендации по изменению привычек. В тексте говорится: «Once you know when you are triggered to buy things, you can pre-empt the urge by filling the time with something else» (Как только вы поймёте, что провоцирует вас на покупки, вы сможете предотвратить этот порыв, заняв время чем-то другим). Далее автор приводит конкретные примеры замены шопинга другими занятиями: «For example, if you browse and buy late at night on your phone, you can do yoga or meditate or read a good book before bed» (Например, если вы просматриваете товары и покупаете поздно ночью в телефоне, вы можете заняться йогой, помедитировать или почитать хорошую книгу перед сном). Это прямо подтверждает идею о том, что нужно выявить мотивы (триггеры) и заменить процесс покупки другой деятельностью.
- Вариант 1 не подходит, так как в тексте упоминается избавление от ненужных вещей («selling or donating it»), но не предлагается тратить больше времени на саму уборку как способ избежать покупок.
- Вариант 2 не подходит, так как автор, напротив, советует отписаться от рассылок брендов («Unsubscribe from brands») и не призывает переходить к традиционным магазинам; его советы направлены на общее сокращение потребления.
- Вариант 4 не подходит, так как автор не советует быть занятым «всё время» (all the time). Речь идёт лишь о точечной замене времени, когда возникает импульс к покупке: «filling the time with something else» в моменты, когда вы обычно совершаете покупки.
Таким образом, вариант 3 наиболее полно отражает стратегию автора: осознать свои триггеры (shopping motives) и переключиться на альтернативные занятия (replace them).
Ответ: 3
Источник: ФИПИ