Задание №15 — Чтение
The author thinks that compared to the USA, in Russian universities …
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 1218. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Challenges for foreigners in Russia
If you are moving from an English-speaking country to another, some of the problems of the new location will be minimized, but moving to a foreign language country is probably one of the hardest things to do. You will probably experience culture shock and will definitely have your ups and downs. Here’s a list of challenges you can expect to run into while you adjust to Russia.
Language, of course, is a no-brainer, but I couldn’t leave it off the list! I strongly advise learning at least the alphabet before coming to Russia to avoid feeling completely isolated. While going anywhere where you don’t speak the language can knock you down for a while, Russian is especially difficult with its complex grammar structure (cases, verb aspect, prefixes), unpredictable word stress, and difficult pronunciation (the letters ы, ь, and й always get me) … which also means your successes will be especially triumphant!
Effective communication is an essential part of our lives that we often overlook when it comes so naturally, but the first time you can’t answer a cashier’s simple question or can’t properly vent to your host family about your day, you will never underestimate the power of words again.
The second challenge is expressing emotions. Most people are familiar with the stereotype that “Russians don’t smile”. From my observation, Russians tend to show little emotion outside of home. Surrounded by strangers, often in harsh or unpleasant weather, there is no reason to emote freely. Of course, you see friends laughing and couples kissing and people arguing, but for the most part (excluding driving), emotions stay on the inside. Until you get home, when Russians are comfortable and around people they trust, passions run strong.
In the United States, the expression of our emotions tends to vary little in different circumstances, but when expressed, Russian emotions can be even stronger and perhaps even more genuine and heartfelt than Americans are used to.
In addition, if you are a foreign student in Russia, the biggest challenge is a different education system. Russian higher education is very different from that in the United States. For the most part, universities are buildings scattered throughout a city, not the centralized micro-cities that many US students are used to. Russians generally take 911 classes per semester that meet less frequently than American courses would, and it is not uncommon to skip a class almost entirely and just cram for the final from other students’ notes or a study guide. Professors are also less available no office hours, they don’t always give out a school e-mail address, and in general they treat students more like colleagues.
It can be a shock going from a campus plastered with student event flyers to a cluster of half-empty academic buildings, but don’t worry Russians make up for it by hosting a plethora of clubs and organizations for the city in general. Especially in St. Petersburg and Moscow there are hundreds of clubs to join from language (be a star in the English conversation club; meet other foreigners in the Russian club), sports, acting, dancing, singing, board games, movie-watching, and more! Try making some searches on the Russian social network V Kontakte to start out.
Going abroad for a long period of time has its difficulties no matter where you choose to go, but the better prepared you are for the challenges you’ll face in Russia, the faster you will adjust and be able to call this northern empire your second home.
Правильный ответ
4
Пояснение
Разбор. Ответ на вопрос о специфике обучения в российских университетах находится в шестом абзаце текста, где автор сравнивает образовательные системы России и США.
- Вариант 4 является верным, так как автор прямо указывает на возможность пропуска занятий с последующей подготовкой к экзамену в короткие сроки. В шестом абзаце говорится: «it is not uncommon to skip a class almost entirely and just cram for the final from other students’ notes or a study guide». Фраза «skip a class almost entirely» (пропускать занятия почти полностью) соответствует значению «disregard some classes» (игнорировать некоторые занятия).
- Вариант 1 не подходит, так как в тексте нет сравнения сложности самих экзаменов. Упоминается лишь метод подготовки к ним («cram for the final» — зубрить перед финальным экзаменом), но не утверждается, что они труднее американских.
- Вариант 2 противоречит тексту. Автор, наоборот, говорит, что российские вузы менее централизованы: «universities are buildings scattered throughout a city, not the centralized micro-cities that many US students are used to» (университеты — это здания, разбросанные по городу, а не централизованные микро-города).
- Вариант 3 не находит подтверждения в тексте. Автор отмечает, что преподаватели ведут себя иначе («treat students more like colleagues» — относятся к студентам скорее как к коллегам), но не дает оценки их профессионализму в сравнении с американскими коллегами.
Ответ: 4
Источник: ФИПИ