Задание №18 — Чтение
The author sounds dissatisfied at the end of the text because …
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Should children be allowed to retake tests?
My daughter texted me from school, upset that she’d failed a physics test she thought she’d been prepared for. She was worried it would bring down her overall grade at the end of the first marking period. A half-hour later, she texted to say all was good. Her teacher allowed her to make corrections – she got all the problems right this time, and her grade was no longer under threat.
On the one hand, I was pleased that she’d taken the initiative to fix what she viewed as a problem. On the other hand, I wasn’t sure how I felt about this infinite redo approach.
When I heard that my daughter was allowed to go back and correct her mistakes, my mind instantly went to all the professionals in the real world – surgeons, firefighters, death-row case trial lawyers, pilots, paramedics, cops and more – who really, really needed to get their jobs right the first time. With some jobs, “later” isn’t an option. Heck, in the realm of less life-and-death professions, I spent years working as a live TV show producer. There were no second takes there, either.
As with all education research, both pros and cons have been tallied and reported.
Some of the pros include the assertion that letting kids retake tests reduces cheating, makes them responsible for their own grades and helps them better evaluate their own learning.
Cons have been listed as: low motivation; students procrastinating until they’ve fallen too far behind, leading to stress; and teachers needing to teach separate lessons to different class members during the same period.
Then I turned to my focus group of one: my husband, a middle school math and physics teacher who has, for years, allowed his students to redo their homework and in-class work as many times as they wish in order to get to 100% mastery.
I asked him why he believes his technique is beneficial.
He stressed that, “Homework and in-class work is formative assessment, which is the key here. Homework and in-class work is practice. Doing the work correctly over and over again is the only way to improve. Tests are summative assessments. They measure performance after practice. I allow redos only on homework and in-class work. I don’t allow resitting tests, because tests measure what they’ve learned after all that practice. If you are a performing artist, it’s the performance that matters. For athletes, it’s the game. Homework versus tests is the same thing.”
That brings us back to those surgeons, firefighters, death-row case trial lawyers, pilots, paramedics, cops and more who, in real life, I would really like to get their tasks right the first time.
Their jobs can be considered the ultimate in summative assessment. But that assessment didn’t come on the first day of training. It came after many, many years of formative assessments in the form of arguing mock trials, practicing approaches on flight simulators, and conducting rescue drills – not to mention taking paper-and-pencil tests as well.
So much education policy debate these days seems to be driven by a zero-sum game mindset. If we do things one way, we shouldn’t be doing them another. As the late Stephen Sondheim wrote, “Is it always “or?” Is it never “and?”
Just as students benefit from a cross-section of classmates, they should also benefit from a cross-section of opinions on how best to teach. It would better prepare them for living and working with a variety of people for the rest of their lives, and help them figure out how they learn best, so they can adapt accordingly.
That said, I would still prefer that my daughter got her physics equations right the first time.
Правильный ответ
4
Пояснение
Разбор.
Для ответа на вопрос о причинах неудовлетворенности автора в конце текста необходимо проанализировать последнее предложение статьи и соотнести его с общим контекстом рассуждений автора.
В самом последнем абзаце текста автор пишет: “That said, I would still prefer that my daughter got her physics equations right the first time”. Несмотря на то, что на протяжении статьи автор рассматривает аргументы «за» и «против» пересдач и признает их пользу для обучения, финальная фраза подчеркивает её личное отношение: она бы предпочла, чтобы дочь справилась с уравнениями правильно с первой попытки. Это напрямую указывает на то, что сам факт неудачи при первом выполнении задания (то есть провал первой попытки) вызывает у автора досаду.
Рассмотрим, почему другие варианты не подходят:
- Вариант 1 (her daughter does not know physics well) не подходит, так как в первом абзаце сказано, что после исправления ошибок девочка справилась со всеми задачами: “she got all the problems right this time”. Проблема была не в отсутствии знаний, а в том, что она не показала их сразу.
- Вариант 2 (her daughter was allowed to retake the test) неверен, так как автор в целом принимает пользу пересдач как метода обучения, цитируя мужа и рассуждая о важности практики: “students benefit from a cross-section of opinions on how best to teach”. Её недовольство в конце касается не системы образования, а конкретного результата дочери.
- Вариант 3 (her daughter got a bad grade) ошибочен, так как в итоге оценка была исправлена и перестала быть плохой: “her grade was no longer under threat”.
Таким образом, именно факт того, что дочь не справилась с первого раза (failed her first attempt), остается единственным поводом для итогового вздоха автора, что подтверждается фразой “got her physics equations right the first time”.
Ответ: 4
Источник: ФИПИ